Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Management

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. In SLE, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. The severity of SLE can vary greatly among individuals, ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
• Joint Pain and Swelling: Especially in the hands, wrists, and knees.
• Skin Rashes: A characteristic “butterfly” rash across the cheeks and nose.
• Fever: Low-grade fevers without an apparent cause.
• Photosensitivity: Sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in rashes.
• Kidney Problems: Symptoms may include swelling in the legs and feet, high blood pressure, and blood or protein in the urine.
• Chest Pain: Due to inflammation of the lining of the lungs (pleuritis) or heart (pericarditis).
• Hair Loss: Thinning hair or bald patches.
• Mouth Sores: Ulcers in the mouth or nose.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of SLE is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing SLE include:

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop SLE than men.
• Age: SLE is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 45.
• Race and Ethnicity: African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians have a higher risk of developing SLE.
• Family History: A family history of SLE or other autoimmune diseases can increase the risk.
• Environmental Triggers: Infections, sunlight, and certain medications can trigger SLE symptoms in susceptible individuals.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing SLE involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests. Common diagnostic tests include:

• Blood Tests: To check for the presence of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA).
• Urine Tests: To detect abnormalities that may indicate kidney involvement.
• Imaging Tests: Such as chest X-rays and echocardiograms to check for inflammation in the heart and lungs.
• Biopsy: A kidney biopsy may be performed if kidney involvement is suspected.

Living with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Managing SLE requires a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques can significantly help manage symptoms and improve overall health. Support groups and counseling can also be beneficial for coping with the emotional and psychological challenges of living with SLE.

Take Control of Your SLE with Basin Rheumatology

At Basin Rheumatology, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive, personalized care for individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our team of specialists is committed to helping you manage your symptoms and enhance your quality of life.